The article presents the results of a study on bulky feed conservation and assessment of fodder base quality in OOO “Monza” in the Mezhdurechensky District of the Vologda Oblast. The research includes the study of the structure of perennial grasses by years of use, the yield of nutrients based on the analysis of the laid trenches, the availability of own-made fodder for the dairy herd, the chemical composition of own-made fodder, its quality characteristics and cows’ milk productivity. To do this, the following tasks were set: generalizing the data on the basic fodder quality for the period of 2016–2018; analyzing fodder base and structure of perennial grasses by years of use; assessing the availability of energy and raw protein for black-and-white cows from own-made bulky feed. Using the method of empirical research, it was found that the structure of perennial grasses of OOO “Monza” for the production of bulky feed is dominated by grasses of the third and older year of use, which significantly reduces the productivity of perennial grasses on the farm, since the yield of the fields of third and older year of use in 2018 was 98 C/ha. The results of the analysis showed that the yield of nutrients from 1 ha of dry matter is 2.8–5.84 t, of exchange energy – 283–57.5 GJ, of crude protein – 34.3–67.3 t, of crude fiber of the first year of use – 28.9–29.7%, of the second year of use – 28.4–31.8%, and of the third year of use and older – 29.9–33.2%. According to the quality requirements for silage, third-year grasses can be classified as third-class quality. Analysis of the level of dairy cows’ provision in OOO “Monza” shows that the exchange energy of bulky feed in 2018 is 32.3% of the total demand for cows with a productivity of 8,500 kg of milk per lactation. The availability of raw protein from own-made fodder to the dairy herd is 28% of the total demand. The own-made fodder quality research is of practical importance. The level of fodder production and especially its quality affects the efficiency of milk production, the reproductive functions of cows and their overall health. Currently, the rations are being developed for the future with a yield of 10,000 kg per lactation using silage and grain storage
Keywords
milk productivity, nutrition, feed base, silage